Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant studies on Syzygium cumini fruit

Author(s): Benherlal PS, Arumughan C

Abstract

Syzygium cumini, widely known as Jamun, is a tropical tree that yields purple ovoid fleshy fruit. Its seed has traditionally been used in India for the treatment of diabetes. Based on the available ethno-pharmacological knowledge, further studies were extended to understand the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of three anatomically distinct parts of fruit: the pulp, kernel and seed coat. Fruit parts, their corresponding ethanol extracts and residues were evaluated for chemical composition. The alcoholic extract was evaluated for its antioxidant potential against DPPH(•), OH(•), O(2) (•-) and lipid peroxidation. The whole fruit consisted of 666.0 ± 111.0 g kg(-1) pulp, 290.0 ± 40.0 g kg(-1) kernel and 50.0 ± 15.0 g kg(-1) seed coat. Fresh pulp was rich in carbohydrates, protein and minerals. Total fatty matter was not significant in all three parts of fruit. Detailed mineral analysis showed calcium was abundant in all fruit parts and extracts. Total phenolics, anthocyanins and flavonoid contents of pulp were 3.9 ± 0.5, 1.34 ± 0.2 and 0.07 ± 0.04 g kg(-1), respectively. Kernel and seed coat contained 9.0 ± 0.7 and 8.1 ± 0.8 g kg(-1) total phenolics respectively. Jamun pulp ethanol extract (PEE), kernel ethanol extract (KEE) and seed coat ethanol extract (SCEE) showed a high degree of phenolic enrichment. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the samples and standards in descending order was: gallic acid > quercetin > Trolox > KEE > BHT > SCEE > PEE. Superoxide radical scavenging activity (IC(50)) of KEE was six times higher (85.0 ± 5.0 µg mL(-1)) compared to Trolox (540.0 ± 5.0 µg mL(-1)) and three times compared to catechin (296.0 ± 11.0 µg mL(-1)). Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC(50)) of KEE was 151.0 ± 5.0 µg mL(-1) which was comparable with catechin (188.0 ± 6.0 µg mL(-1)). Inhibition of lipid peroxidation of the extracts was also studied and their activity against peroxide radicals were lower than that of standard compounds (BHT, 79.0 ± 4.0 µg mL(-1); quercetin, 166.0 ± 13.0 µg mL(-1); Trolox, 175.0 ± 4.0 µg mL(-1); PEE, 342.0 ± 17.0 µg mL(-1); KEE, 202.0 ± 13.0 µg mL(-1) and SCEE, 268.0 ± 13.0 µg mL(-1). Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.

Similar Articles

Peptic ulcer in diabetes mellitus

Author(s): Masuda H, Inoue S, Arakawa H, Koizumi K, Kubo N

Gastric mucosal damage in experimental diabetes in rats: role of endogenous glutathione

Author(s): Goldin E, Ardite E, Elizalde JI, Odriozola A, Panés J, et al.

Increased susceptibility of diabetic rat gastric mucosa to food deprivation during cold stress

Author(s): Korolkiewicz R, Tashima K, Kubomi M, Kato S, Takeuchi K

Gastric infection by Helicobacter pylori and antral gastritis in hyperglycemic obese and in diabetic subjects

Author(s): Perdichizzi G, Bottari M, Pallio S, Fera MT, Carbone M, et al.

4-Hydroxyisoleucine Experimental evidence of its insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties

Author(s): Broca C, Gross R, Petti P, Sauvaire Y, Manteghetti M, et al.

Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity of Emblica officinalis

Author(s): Jose JK, Kuttan G, George J, Kuttan R

Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent

Author(s): Lowry CH, Roosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ

Combinatorial biosynthesis of novel antibiotics related to daptomycin

Author(s): Nguyen KT, Ritz D, Gu JQ, Alexander D, Chu M, et al.

Involvement of endogenous cholecystokinin and somatostatin in gastroprotection induced by intraduodenal fat

Author(s):  Brzozowski T, Konturek PC, Konturek SJ, Kwiecién S, Pajdo R, et al.

A new rat model of type 2 diabetes: the fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rat

Author(s): Reed MJ, Meszaros K, Entes LJ, Claypool MD, Pinkett JG, et al.

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Syzygium cumini (Linn

Author(s): Shinde J, Taldone T, Barletta M, Kunaparaju N, Hu B, et al.

Influence of dietary quercetin on glutathione redox status in mice

Author(s): Meyers KJ, Rudolf JL, Mitchell AE

Effect of the flavonoid quercetin on inflammation and lipid peroxidation induced by Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosa of guinea pig

Author(s): González-Segovia R, Quintanar JL, Salinas E, Ceballos-Salazar R, Aviles-Jiménez F, et al.