Author(s): van der Mei IA, Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T, Blizzard L, Taylor BV, et al.
Objective:To examine whether past high sun exposure is associated with a reduced risk of multiple sclerosis.
Design:Population based case-control study.
Setting:Tasmania, latitudes 41-3 degrees S.
Participants:136 cases with multiple sclerosis and 272 controls randomly drawn from the community and matched on sex and year of birth.
Main outcome measure:Multiple sclerosis defined by both clinical and magnetic resonance imaging criteria.
Results:Higher sun exposure when aged 6-15 years (average 2-3 hours or more a day in summer during weekends and holidays) was associated with a decreased risk of multiple sclerosis (adjusted odds ratio 0.31, 95% confidence interval 0.16 to 0.59). Higher exposure in winter seemed more important than higher exposure in summer. Greater actinic damage was also independently associated with a decreased risk of multiple sclerosis (0.32, 0.11 to 0.88 for grades 4-6 disease). A dose-response relation was observed between multiple sclerosis and decreasing sun exposure when aged 6-15 years and with actinic damage.
Conclusion:Higher sun exposure during childhood and early adolescence is associated with a reduced risk of multiple sclerosis. Insufficient ultraviolet radiation may therefore influence the development of multiple sclerosis.
Referred From: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12907484/
Author(s): Sundström P, Nyström M, Ruuth K, Lundgren E
Author(s): Hedström AK, Bäärnhielm M, Olsson T, Alfredsson L
Author(s): Alotaibi S, Kennedy J, Tellier R, Stephens D, Banwell B
Author(s): Langer-Gould A, Albers KB, Van Den Eeden SK, Nelson LM
Author(s): Muthian G, Raikwar HP, Rajasingh J, Bright JJ
Author(s): Niino M, Miyazaki Y, Fukazawa T, Kikuchi S
Author(s): Ascherio A, Munger K
Author(s): Islam T, Gauderman WJ, Cozen W, Hamilton AS, Burnett ME, et al.
Author(s): Gourraud PA, Harbo HF, Hauser SL, Baranzini SE
Author(s): Munger KL, Levin LI, Hollis BW, Howard NS, Ascherio A
Author(s): Dwyer T, van der Mei I, Ponsonby AL, Taylor BV, Stankovich J, et al.
Author(s): Hayes CE
Author(s): Etemadifar M, Janghorbani M, Shaygannejad V, Ashtari F
Author(s): Moghtaderi A, Rakhshanizadeh F, Shahraki-Ibrahimi S
Author(s): Sahraian MA, Khorramnia S, Ebrahim MM, Moinfar Z, Lotfi J, et al.
Author(s): Kazemi A, Sharifi F, Jafari N, Mousavinasab N
Author(s): Etemadifar M, Janghorbani M, Shaygannejad V, Ashtari F
Author(s): Polman CH, Reingold SC, Banwell B, Clanet M, Cohen JA, et al.
Author(s): Paty DW, Oger JJ, Kastrukoff LF, Hashimoto SA, Hooge JP, et al.
Author(s): Cashman KD, Hill TR, Lucey AJ, Taylor N, Seamans KM, et al.
Author(s): Saka M, Saka M, Koseler E, Metin S, Bilen S, et al.
Author(s): Smolders J, Menheere P, Kessels A, Damoiseaux J, Hupperts R
Author(s): Orton SM, Morris AP, Herrera BM, Ramagopalan SV, Lincoln MR, et al.
Author(s): Smolders J, Menheere P, Kessels A, Damoiseaux J, Hupperts R
Author(s): Munger KL, Chitnis T, Frazier AL, Giovannucci E, Spiegelman D, et al.
Author(s): Kampman MT, Wilsgaard T, Mellgren SI
Author(s): van der Mei IA, Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T, Blizzard L, Simmons R, et al.
Author(s): Hayes CE, Donald Acheson E
