Author(s): Niethammer M, Sieber M, von Haehling S, Anker SD, Munzel T, et al.
Immune activation is well established in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HF and reduced EF) and is associated with an impaired prognosis. Patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HF and preserved EF) have an impaired prognosis as well. It is not known whether they have signs of immune activation.
Methods:We studied patients with HF and preserved EF (n=17, NYHA II [n=7]/III [n=10]) and patients with HF and reduced EF (n=17 NYHA II [n=1]/III [n=16]) and 20 controls. Echocardiography demonstrated preserved ejection fraction (LVEF 59+/-9%), but LV hypertrophy in patients with preserved EF as compared with patients with reduced EF (LVEF 23+/-5%). We evaluated levels of TNFalpha, its receptors (sTNFR-1 and 2), IL-6, IL-10 and NT-proBNP.
Results:TNFalpha, was highest in HF with reduced EF (2.87+/-0.65 vs 1.67+/-0.58 pg/mL, p<0.001) compared to preserved EF and similar between HF with preserved EF and controls. However, sTNFR1 (1618+/-384 vs 1017+/-302 pg/mL, p<0.001) and sTNFR2 levels (3554+/-916 vs 2041+/-586 pg/mL, p<0.001) in HF with preserved EF were significantly higher compared with controls. The same was true for IL-6, IL-10 and NT-proBNP. The highest cytokine and NT-proBNP levels were present in HF with reduced EF. There was a negative correlation between TNFalpha, and LVEF (r=- 0.700; p<0.0001) and positive correlations between sTNFR1 and 2 with NT-proBNP.
Conclusion:Patients with HF and preserved EF already show signs of systemic-immune activation which may contribute to the impaired prognosis and the progression to HF with reduced EF.
Referred From: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17658631
Author(s): Evans GA
Author(s): Ruegg C, Tissot JD, Farmer P, Mariotti A
Author(s): Owan TE, Hodge DO, Herges RM, Jacobsen SJ, Roger VL, et al.
Author(s): Bhatia RS, Tu JV, Lee DS, Austin PC, Fang J, et al.
Author(s): Borlaug BA, Paulus WJ
Author(s): Zile MR, Baicu CF, Gaasch WH
Author(s): Paulus WJ, Tschope C, Sanderson JE, Rusconi C, Flachskampf FA, et al.
Author(s): Borlaug BA, Lam CS, Roger VL, Rodeheffer RJ, Redfield MM
Author(s): Phan TT, Abozguia K, Nallur Shivu G, Mahadevan G, Ahmed I, et al.
Author(s): Tan YT, Wenzelburger F, Lee E, Heatlie G, Leyva F, et al.
Author(s): Borlaug BA, Olson TP, Lam CS, Flood KS, Lerman A, et al.
Author(s): Ahmed SH, Clark LL, Pennington WR, Webb CS, Bonnema DD, et al.
Author(s): Gonzalez A, Lopez B, Querejeta R, Zubillaga E, Echeverria T, et al.
Author(s): Tschope C, Bock CT, Kasner M, Noutsias M, Westermann D, et al.
Author(s): Borlaug BA, Melenovsky V, Russell SD, Kessler K, Pacak K, et al.
Author(s): Phan TT, Shivu GN, Abozguia K, Davies C, Nassimizadeh M, et al.
Author(s): Phan TT, Shivu GN, Abozguia K, Davies C, Nassimizadeh M, et al.
Author(s): Lenzen MJ, Scholte op Reimer WJ, Boersma E, Vantrimpont PJ, Follath F, et al.
Author(s): McMurray JJ, Carson PE, Komajda M, McKelvie R, Zile MR, et al.
Author(s): Ahmed A, Rich MW, Fleg JL, Zile MR, Young JB, et al.
Author(s): Yusuf S, Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, Held P, et al.
Author(s): Cleland JG, Tendera M, Adamus J, Freemantle N, Polonski L, et al.
Author(s): Junhong W, Jing Y, Jizheng M, Shushu Z, Xiangjian C, et al.
Author(s): Kittleson MM, Ye SQ, Irizarry RA, Minhas KM, Edness G, et al.
Author(s): Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium
Author(s): Levy D, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Newton-Cheh C, Wang TJ, et al.
Author(s): Newton-Cheh C, Johnson T, Gateva V, Tobin MD, Bochud M, et al.
Author(s): Levy D, Ehret GB, Rice K, Verwoert GC, Launer LJ, et al.
Author(s): Lander ES, Linton LM, Birren B, Nusbaum C, Zody MC, et al.
Author(s): Frazer KA, Ballinger DG, Cox DR, Hinds DA, Stuve LL, et al.
Author(s): Berhane BT, Zong C, Liem DA, Huang A, Le S, et al.
Author(s): Rauchhaus M, Doehner W, Francis DP, Davos C, Kemp M, et al.
Author(s): Hinglais N, Heudes D, Nicoletti A, Mandet C, Laurent M, et al.
Author(s): Martos R, Baugh J, Ledwidge M, O'Loughlin C, Conlon C, et al.
Author(s): Witt H, Schubert C, Jaekel J, Fliegner D, Penkalla A, et al.
Author(s): Villari B, Campbell SE, Schneider J, Vassalli G, Chiariello M, et al.
Author(s): Villari B, Campbell SE, Schneider J, Vassalli G, Chiariello M, et al.
Author(s): Kruger M, Kotter S, Grutzner A, Lang P, Andresen C, et al.
Author(s): Borbely A, Falcao-Pires I, van Heerebeek L, Hamdani N, Edes I, et al.
Author(s): Hidalgo C, Hudson B, Bogomolovas J, Zhu Y, Anderson B, et al.
Author(s): riones AM, Arribas SM, Salaices M
Author(s): Kawaguchi M, Hay I, Fetics B, Kass DA
Author(s): Kawaguchi M, Hay I, Fetics B, Kass DA
Author(s): Hundley WG, Kitzman DW, Morgan TM, Hamilton CA, Darty SN, et al.
Author(s): Kelly RP, Tunin R, Kass DA
Author(s): Durier S, Fassot C, Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Couetil JP, et al.
Author(s): Mantero A, Gentile F, Gualtierotti C, Azzollini M, Barbier P, et al.
Author(s): Lam CS, Roger VL, Rodeheffer RJ, Bursi F, Borlaug BA, et al.
Author(s): Stuyvers BD, Miura M, ter Keurs HE
Author(s): Kokubo M, Uemura A, Matsubara T, Murohara T
Author(s): Molkentin JD
Author(s): Gallego-Delgado J, Lazaro A, Osende JI, Esteban V, Barderas MG, et al.
Author(s): Wong WT, Wong SL, Tian XY, Huang Y
Author(s): Thomas SR, Witting PK, Drummond GR
Author(s): Landmesser U, Dikalov S, Price SR, McCann L, Fukai T, et al.
Author(s): Silberman GA, Fan TH, Liu H, Jiao Z, Xiao HD, et al.
Author(s): Regitz-Zagrosek V, Brokat S, Tschope C
Author(s): Laule M, Meisel C, Prauka I, Cascorbi I, Malzahn U, et al.
Author(s): Hart EC, Charkoudian N, Wallin GG, Curry TB, Eisenach JH, et al.
Author(s): Stein PK, Barzilay JI
Author(s): Bauer A, Malik M, Schmidt G, Barthel P, Bonnemeier H, et al.
Author(s): Beery AK, Zucker I
Author(s): Geller SE, Koch A, Pellettieri B, Carnes M
Author(s): Foulkes MA
Author(s): Shannon P, Markiel A, Ozier O, Baliga NS, Wang JT, et al.
