Antiatherosclerotic effects of calcium antagonists

To investigate the effects of calcium antagonists on atherosclerotic cellular indices, [3H]thymidine incorporation and intracellular cholesterol content, primary culture of cells isolated from subendothelial intima of human atherosclerotic aorta was used. Among tested drugs were: verapamil, nifedipine, diltiazem, papaverin, nicardipine, D-600, cinnarizine, PN 200 110 and PY 108 068. Verapamil proved to be the most effective. It significantly reduced the total intracellular cholesterol and sharply decreased the incorporation of [3H]thymidine. With respective efficacy verapamil was followed by nifedipine and PY 108 068. Neither beta-blocker (metoprolol) nor nitrate (nitroglycerin) modified antiatherosclerotic effects of calcium antagonist (nifedipine). Calcium agonist Bay K 8644 which facilitates the penetration of calcium into cells caused the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol and stimulated cell proliferation. Simultaneous addition of nifedipine and Bay 8644 led to the inhibition of the agonist's atherogenic effect. Thus, facilitation of calcium influx into cells causes atherosclerotic alterations in the arterial cells; atherogenic calcium effects are inhibited by calcium channel blockers. Furthermore, based on the results of application of blood plasma from patients treated with calcium antagonists or beta-blocker to primary cultures of atherosclerotic cells, it can be assumed that calcium antagonists affect an anti-atherosclerotic and beta-blockers an atherogenic action.