The importance of allergens in the development of asthma and the persistence of symptoms

The importance of allergies and allergens in the development and persistence of asthma is suggested by 3 lines of evidence. First, a number of epidemiologic studies demonstrate that sensitization to indoor allergens and the spores of the outdoor seasonal fungus Alternaria is a risk factor for the development of asthma in both children and adults. Sensitivity to pollens, on the other hand, rarely constitutes a risk for asthma but does constitute a risk for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Second, several studies, again in both children and adults, have demonstrated that, in persons sensitive to indoor allergens, the severity of asthma symptoms will vary with the level of exposure. Third, the elimination of exposure to house-dust mites has produced a remarkable reversal of asthma in sensitive children and adults. Not only have symptoms and pulmonary function improved, but there has also been evidence of a reduction in airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Taken together, these studies make a strong argument for the importance of allergy and allergen exposure as aggravating factors in asthma in both children and adults and reinforce the importance of the identification and treatment of these allergen sensitivities.